Evidence details
rebecca.killalea@canberra.edu.au on 16 Mar 2022
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Study
- Citation
- Erickson, A. J., Gulliver, J. S., & Weiss, P. T. (2012). Capturing phosphates with iron enhanced sand filtration. Water Research.
- Study description
- This study investigated the effectiveness of iron filings in sand filtration system for the removal of phosphates. The study looked at both the percentage of phosphates captured by the iron filings and the impacts on hydraulic conductivity as a result of the iron filings.
Response
- Cause term/trajectory
-
Sediment quality - metals
(Increase)
- Cause description
- Increased iron filings in a sand filtration system. The study investigated the impact of 0%, 0.3%, 2% and 5% iron filings in sand filtration media.
- Effect term/trajectory
-
Water quality - nutrients (phosphorus)
(Decrease)
- Effect description
- Decreased phosphate in outflow. The study found that an increased percentage of iron filings resulted in greater capture of phosphate within the sand media. An average of 88% of phosphates were captured with 5% iron filings in the media, 79% with 2% iron filings and 18% with 0.3% iron filings. The control treatment of sand media only showed an increase in phosphates from influent to effluent which the authors explain as a phosphate release from the media.
- Response measure type
- Other
- Response measure description
- Event mean concentration
Design
- Source data
- Laboratory
- Study type
- Manipulation
- Study design
- Control/reference vs. treatment/impact (no before)
- Number of independent control or reference sampling units
- 1
- Number of indendent impact or treatment sampling units
- 1 Control (sand media) and 3 of each treatment (0.3% iron, 2% iron, 5% iron)
- Sample size used in analysis
- Influent (n=112), control (n= 112), treatment effluents (n=336)
Context
- Climate
- Cold (continental)
- Country
- United States
- Habitat
- Artificial
- Spatial extent
- Other
- Temporal extent
- Snapshot
- Context description
- Spatial extent - column laboratory experiments (5.08cm diameter columns used)