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Urban storm runoff is a major source of pollutants in receiving water bodies.
To assess the impact of urban stormwater runoff on an urban river, the runoff process of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen
demand (COD), ammonium (NH4), and
total phosphorus (TP) were investigated on road surfaces classified as arterial
road (AR), residential area (RA), and industrial area (IA) in the Pingshan
River (PSR) watershed in Shenzhen, China. Event mean concentration (EMC) was
calculated to analyze the water quality of road runoff, and the dimensionless M(V) cumulative curves were used to estimate
the course of decreasing concentration of runoff pollutants during each rainfall event. Multicriteria
decision making methods (PROMETHEE-GAIA) were used to identify the linkage
between runoff pollutants, land use types, and rainfall
intensity. The EMCs of COD and TP in runoff exceeded
the class IV level of the water quality standard for surface water (China). RA
was a major potential source for NH4, COD, and TP in the river. Controlling the first flush is critical
to decrease the effect of road runoff on receiving water bodies, as most runoff pollutants in AR, RA, and IA had a first flush effect during heavy rainfall. The specific management measure
for runoff pollution varied with land use type. Reducing road TSS
concentrations was effective for
controlling runoff pollution in AR and
RA because NH4, TP, and
COD attached to particulate matter. In IA, the collection and reuse of
stormwater in the initial rainfall period were effective for reducing the effect
of soluble pollutants in runoff on
receiving water bodies. This study provides new information for managing urban
road stormwater runoff in different land use types.